Registres de langue en anglais americain - Savoir adapter son niveau
1. Les 4 niveaux de registre en anglais americain
Niveau
Nom
Quand l'utiliser
Exemple
1
Frozen / Static
Textes sacres, loi, serments
"We the People of the United States..."
2
Formal
Business, courrier officiel, entretien
"I would like to inquire about..."
3
Consultative
Echanges professionnels courants
"Could you send me the report?"
4
Casual / Informal
Amis, famille, SMS
"Hey, can you send that thing?"
2. Vocabulaire : Formel vs Informel
Contexte
Formel
Informel / Slang
Saluer
Good morning. How do you do?
Hey! What's up? Yo!
Remercier
I greatly appreciate your assistance.
Thanks a bunch! You're the best!
S'excuser
I sincerely apologize for the inconvenience.
My bad. Sorry about that.
Demander
Would you be so kind as to...
Can you...? / Could ya...?
Refuser
I'm afraid I must decline.
Nah, I'm good. / No way.
Etre d'accord
I concur. / Absolutely.
Totally! / For sure! / Bet!
Etre en desaccord
I respectfully disagree.
No way! / That's cap!
Partir
I must take my leave.
I gotta bounce. / I'm out!
Dire oui
Certainly. / Indeed.
Yep! / Sure thing! / You bet!
Dire non
Unfortunately, that won't be possible.
Nope. / Not gonna happen.
3. Anglais americain vs Anglais britannique
Ce sont deux variantes du meme langage, mais avec des differences importantes.
Vocabulaire different
Concept
Anglais americain (US)
Anglais britannique (UK)
Appartement
apartment
flat
Ascenseur
elevator
lift
Essence
gas / gasoline
petrol
Coffre (voiture)
trunk
boot
Capot (voiture)
hood
bonnet
Trottoir
sidewalk
pavement
Biscuit
cookie
biscuit
Frites
fries / French fries
chips
Chips
chips
crisps
Pharmacie
drugstore
chemist
Automne
fall
autumn
Vacances
vacation
holiday
Film
movie
film
Portable
cell phone
mobile phone
Poubelle
trash / garbage
rubbish / bin
Orthographe differente
US
UK
Regle
color
colour
US supprime le "u"
center
centre
US inverse "-re" en "-er"
organize
organise
US prefere "-ize" a "-ise"
traveled
travelled
US ne double pas le "l"
defense
defence
US utilise "-se" au lieu de "-ce"
catalog
catalogue
US simplifie la fin
program
programme
US simplifie
Conseil Cabinet Action : Choisissez UN systeme (US ou UK) et restez coherent dans tous vos ecrits. Ne melangez jamais les deux dans un meme document. Pour les affaires internationales, l'anglais americain est generalement prefere.
4. Emails professionnels : Formel vs Decontracte
Ouvertures
Formel
Decontracte
Dear Mr. Johnson,
Hi John,
Dear Hiring Manager,
Hey there,
To Whom It May Concern,
Hi team,
Formules dans le corps du mail
Formel
Decontracte
I am writing to inquire about...
Just checking in about...
Please find attached...
Here's the file...
I would appreciate your prompt response.
Let me know ASAP!
Should you require any further information...
Hit me up if you need anything.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Talk soon!
Formules de cloture
Formel
Decontracte
Sincerely, / Yours faithfully,
Best, / Cheers,
Best regards, / Kind regards,
Thanks! / Later!
Respectfully yours,
Take care,
5. Contractions : le marqueur de l'informel
En anglais americain, les contractions sont tres courantes a l'oral et a l'ecrit informel.
Forme complete (formel)
Contraction (informel)
Super informel (oral)
I am going to
I'm going to
I'm gonna
I want to
I want to
I wanna
I have got to
I've got to
I gotta
Let me
Let me
Lemme
Give me
Give me
Gimme
Do you know what I mean?
You know what I mean?
Know what I mean? / Ya know?
I do not know
I don't know
I dunno
What are you
What're you
Whatcha / Watcha
Regle d'or : Evitez "gonna", "wanna", "gotta" a l'ecrit professionnel. Ces formes sont parfaitement acceptables a l'oral entre amis, mais elles sont considerees comme trop familieres dans un contexte d'affaires. Dans un email a un client, ecrivez "I am going to" ou au minimum "I'm going to".