Les pieges a eviter pour les francophones - Cabinet Action
En francais, on dit souvent "Je pars demain" (present). En anglais, selon le contexte :
I leave tomorrow. (acceptable UNIQUEMENT si c'est un plan fixe)
I'm leaving tomorrow. (plan confirme - present continuous)
I'll leave tomorrow. (decision au moment de parler)
I'm going to leave tomorrow. (intention deja decidee)
C'est l'erreur la plus frequente chez les francophones. En anglais, on n'utilise jamais will apres les conjonctions de temps (when, as soon as, before, after, until) dans une subordonnee temporelle.
When I will arrive, I'll call you.
When I arrive, I'll call you.
If it will rain, we won't go.
If it rains, we won't go.
As soon as she will finish, she'll leave.
As soon as she finishes, she'll leave.
| Situation | Forme correcte | Pourquoi |
|---|---|---|
| Serveur au restaurant : "What would you like?" | I'll have the pasta. | Decision spontanee |
| Vous avez deja regarde le menu et decide | I'm going to have the pasta. | Intention prealable |
| Le ciel est tres sombre | It's going to rain. | Preuve visible |
| Meteo pour la semaine prochaine | It'll probably rain. | Prediction sans preuve directe |
I going to buy a car.
I'm going to buy a car.
She going to call the doctor.
She's going to call the doctor.
By next Friday, I will finish the report.
By next Friday, I will have finished the report.
Explication : "by" implique un delai, donc l'action sera accomplie = future perfect.
Shall est formel et principalement britannique. En anglais moderne, il s'utilise surtout pour les suggestions :
Shall I help you? = Voulez-vous que je vous aide ?
Shall we go? = On y va ?
Ne dites PAS : "I shall go to the supermarket" dans un contexte courant. Preferez : "I'll go to the supermarket."
En anglais, quand on rapporte des paroles au passe, will devient would :
Direct : She said, "I will call you."
Rapporte : She said she would call me.
She said she will call me. (incorrect en discours rapporte formel)
| # | Erreur | Correction |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present au lieu du futur | Choisir will / going to / present continuous |
| 2 | Will apres when/if | Present simple dans la subordonnee |
| 3 | Will au lieu de going to (et inversement) | Spontane = will, intention = going to |
| 4 | Oubli de be dans going to | I'm/He's/They're going to |
| 5 | Futur simple au lieu du future perfect | By + date = will have + participe passe |
| 6 | Shall en contexte informel | Shall = suggestions/offres uniquement |
| 7 | Will au lieu de would en discours rapporte | She said she would (pas she will) |