Pronoms demonstratifs et relatifs en anglais

Partie 1 : Les pronoms demonstratifs

1.1 Tableau recapitulatif

	Singulier	Pluriel
Proche (ici, maintenant)	this (ceci, celui-ci)	these (ceux-ci)
Eloigne (la-bas, avant)	that (cela, celui-la)	those (ceux-la)

Singulier

Pluriel

Proche (ici, maintenant)

this (ceci, celui-ci)

these (ceux-ci)

Eloigne (la-bas, avant)

that (cela, celui-la)

those (ceux-la)

1.2 Emploi avec un nom (adjectif demonstratif)

This book is very interesting. (Ce livre-ci est tres interessant.)

Those buildings were built in the 19th century. (Ces batiments-la ont ete construits au XIXe siecle.)

1.3 Emploi seul (pronom demonstratif)

This is my colleague, John. (presentations)

That was a great meeting! (reference au passe)

These are the documents you requested.

1.4 Emplois speciaux

Contexte	Exemple	Explication
Telephone	This is Sarah speaking.	On utilise this pour soi-meme
Telephone	Is that* Mr. Brown?*	On utilise that pour l'interlocuteur
Temps	This week / that day	Proximite temporelle
Comparaison	I prefer those* to these.*	Opposition proche/eloigne

Contexte

Exemple

Explication

Telephone

This is Sarah speaking.

On utilise this pour soi-meme

Telephone

Is that Mr. Brown?

On utilise that pour l'interlocuteur

Temps

This week / that day

Proximite temporelle

Comparaison

I prefer those to these.

Opposition proche/eloigne

Partie 2 : Les pronoms relatifs

2.1 Tableau des pronoms relatifs

Pronom	Utilisation	Exemple
who	personnes (sujet)	The woman who* called is my boss.*
whom	personnes (complement, formel)	The person whom* I met was very helpful.*
which	choses / animaux	The report which* you sent is excellent.*
that	personnes ou choses	The book that* I bought is fascinating.*
whose	possession	The client whose* order was delayed called.*
where	lieux	The office where* I work is downtown.*
when	moments	The day when* we met was special.*

Pronom

Utilisation

Exemple

who

personnes (sujet)

The woman who called is my boss.

whom

personnes (complement, formel)

The person whom I met was very helpful.

which

choses / animaux

The report which you sent is excellent.

that

personnes ou choses

The book that I bought is fascinating.

whose

possession

The client whose order was delayed called.

where

lieux

The office where I work is downtown.

when

moments

The day when we met was special.

2.2 Relatives determinatives vs explicatives

Type	Virgules	Omission de "that"	Exemple
Determinative	Sans virgules	Possible (complement)	The file (that) you need is here.
Explicative	Avec virgules	Impossible	My boss, who is 45, speaks 3 languages.

Type

Virgules

Omission de "that"

Exemple

Determinative

Sans virgules

Possible (complement)

The file (that) you need is here.

Explicative

Avec virgules

Impossible

My boss, who is 45, speaks 3 languages.

Astuce : Dans les relatives explicatives (entre virgules), on ne peut PAS utiliser that. On utilise who ou which uniquement.

3. Exercices

Completez avec this, that, these ou those :

_____ is my new phone. (je le montre)
Do you remember _____ restaurant we went to last year?
_____ shoes here are more comfortable than _____ over there.
Hello? _____ is Cabinet Action, how can I help you?
_____ were the best years of my life. (passe)

Reponses : 1. This — 2. that — 3. These / those — 4. This — 5. Those

Completez avec who, which, whose, that ou where :

The colleague _____ helped me is from London.
The meeting _____ starts at 2pm is in room 301.
The city _____ I grew up has changed a lot.
The manager _____ team won the contract is very proud.
The software _____ we use was developed in-house.
The day _____ I started at Cabinet Action was memorable.

Reponses : 1. who — 2. that/which — 3. where — 4. whose — 5. that/which — 6. when